Gun Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Gun Control - Essay Example nd little remaining threat from wild animals; the government is stable and elected by a democratic process and the citizens of the country have the most powerful armed force ever assembled by humankind in addition to several levels of law enforcement that protect it. Rather than being a means of protecting society, the right to own guns has become a detriment to the safety of society which is in opposition to the intentions of the Founders. As this discussion will show, ‘the right to bear arms’ is no longer a necessary protection in the modern world. Gun control generally works toward legislating and controlling the distribution of the weapon that kills the most people, handguns. Most gun control advocates are willing to compromise on the ownership of rifles and shotguns if handguns could be made illegal, thus statistically reducing the number of gun-related deaths occurring in this country per year. In this way, the right to bear arms is protected based upon the spirit of the Founding Fathers and so are the thousands of usually urban dwellers that die from handguns every year. Of course, it must be acknowledged that when reading the Second Amendment in context, only armed militias have the right to keep and bear arms. However, given the current strong emotions tied to the issue and the popularity of guns in this country, a compromise is the only solution. Individuals on both sides of the issue must learn to recognize that ideologies concerning guns and their possession are formed by a person’s innermost beliefs, cultivat ed by years of thought and shaped by life’s numerous experiences and family cultural context. An ideological debate causes a more emotive response in individuals than does any other. Political ideologies can never die and in politically turbulent times, such as these, are very much alive. The 9/11 attacks, abortion debate, the war in Iraq, the loss of civil liberties, global warming, health care, gay marriage, stem cell research

Aviation, Aerospace or Airport Industry Essay Example for Free

Aviation, Aerospace or Airport Industry Essay In order to assess aviation, aerospace or airport industry practice to the field of Marketing I have chosen to focus on the aviation industry and the marketing practices they have adopted in order to deal compete effectively in the current recessional environment.   This document focuses on the 4 P’s of Marketing (Kotler, 2008) and discusses how airlines have altered their approach to Product, Price, Place and Promotion in order to continue to successfully compete and respond to the changing needs of their customer base.    One company in particular, Southwest Airlines, will be explored in more detail with the marketing practices forming the basis for further exploration of the key themes. The Aviation Industry The events of September the 11th coupled with a growing economic recession have created an extremely challenging environment for the airline industry.   Forecasts produced by the Civil Aviation Authority indicate that the situation may not improve for quite some time with passenger traffic not expected to fully recover in the next five years (Figure 1). Figure One:   Actual and Forecast Traffic (m) 2007-2012 Fiscal Year No. Passengers Domestic (US) No. Passengers International (US) No. Passengers Total (US) 2007 577.8 53.6 631.4 2008 (F) 590.4 54.2 644.7 2009 (F) 610.9 54.9 665.8 2010 (F) 639.8 56.4 696.3 2011 (F) 626.7 56.7 683.4 2012 (F) 576.8 50.8 627.6 In order to deal with this airlines are significantly altering their marketing practices and methods of distribution in order to operate more efficiently and competitively.   Major changes have been observed over the past couple of years with some of these constituting complete overhauls of the traditional operation of the industry.   Southwest Airlines is an airline which has strongly positioned itself on â€Å"being different† through all elements of its service and product. At its core is its mission, which specifies that the airline is dedicated to â€Å"the highest quality of customer Service delivered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, individual pride, and Company Spirit†.   At first glance the concept of â€Å"high quality† and â€Å"low cost† appear to contradict one another.   However, Southwest airlines maintain that this is not the case and they have not compromised on quality or safety.   Awards such as â€Å"Triple Crown† which is awarded for low customer complaints, flight timeliness and baggage turnaround times, indicates that this may indeed be true. In order to better understand the key industry trends and how airlines have attempted to use these to their advantage, it is worth considering the marketing mixes of aviation companies such as Southwest Airlines and assessing how these have been altered in order to attract and retain a diminishing customer base. Marketing Practices Product The product element of the marketing mix concerns offering the right product to the right target market.   The products on offer through the airline industry have changed significantly over the past twenty-five years. Flying, which at one point was exclusively for the wealthy, has become more accessible and today there are a large numbers of airlines that cater for even larger numbers of customers.   In order to compete in this environment airlines have invested significant amounts of money in distinguishing their products and services from their competitors. For Southwest Airlines, this has entailed differentiating their product through redesigning the service their provide to customers.   Although, on the surface, their â€Å"no frills† concept appears very simple, delivering it in a way that doesn’t negatively impact customer experience is somewhat of an art.   In order to successfully implement this business model Southwest airlines have invested significant amounts of money in understanding their customer needs and motivations and used this as the basis for their value proposition. Through researching their customer base they have been able to identify which services were not valued above price by the customer and have eradicated them, thus lowering their operating costs and passing these savings directly onto the customer.   In addition to that, the involvement and support of their staff is paramount.   This is achieved through the company culture, a family orientated set up which promotes teamwork and values employee’s opinions and suggestions for improvement.   Southwest Airlines have recognized that employee participation and support is critical to the achievement of their aspirations and have successfully build a team of 29,000 with the lowest turnover rate in the industry. Price Since the deregulation of the airline industry in 1978, the airline industry has become highly price sensitive and many customers will generally purchase from the most competitively priced airline, viewing separate company’s offerings as perfect substitutes.   In order to maximize the profit from each flight, many airlines operate a variable pricing approach that is based on the needs of individual customers.   This approach attempts to identify and separate those customers who are concerned about price from those who are willing to pay more in order to attain a seat on the flight. As well as partitioning flights into first, business and economy classes, airlines attempt to maximize their revenue by offering a mixture of full price and discounted tickets within these segments.   Using detailed information related to market trends, forecasts and seasonal variations the major airlines implement inventory management approaches that help to define the demand and subsequent price for each seat on the flight. More than 90 percent of the tickets sold by U.S. airlines are now discounted (Costello 2001) and in the last twenty years flight prices have dropped by approximately 75% (Miller, 2007). According to a renowned marketing strategist, David Aaker (2001), one of the ways in which companies can successfully compete in a price sensitive marketplace is to offer higher value to their customers.   This view is supported by many theorists, many of whom believe that the industry is currently â€Å"giving away† flights (Marketing Week, 2003, p.35).   This view however, is challenged by the success of low cost airlines such as Southwest (US), JetBlue and Ryanair (UK) who have redefined their value propositions by stripping down their services in order to offer rock bottom prices. In order to competitively price their offering Southwest Airlines focused on streamlining their operations.   The idea behind this was simple, by lowering their costs, Southwest could offer reduced prices to their customer base.   This was achieved by removing services that were not valued in the eyes of the customer, such as physical ticketing, amenity kits, onboard snacks and seat reservations.   The customers get what they pay for and pay for what they want. Place Airlines predominantly operate through two distribution systems; the ticket and the flight. The Ticket Historically ticket sales were conducted through travel agents and brokers who liaised with the customer on an airline’s behalf.   However, in recent years the growth in popularity of the internet as a medium through which flights can be booked has led to increased levels of direct relationships between the airline and the customer base during the ticketing stage.   Through interfacing directly with the customer many airlines have reduced their distribution costs by as much as 10% (Miller 2004) and have subsequently been better placed to compete on a price basis in the marketplace. The Flight Marketing practices relating to the flight itself have also seen changes in recent years.  Ã‚   Historically, the flight represented a direct relationship between the customer and the airline but the increasing trend towards inter-airline alliances such as Star (United Airlines, Virgin, BMI, Thai etc.) Oneworld (American Airlines, British Airways, Quantas etc.) and SkyTeam (Delta Air Lines, Air France, and AeroMexico) has transformed the distribution channel from direct to indirect with airlines placing trust in their competitors to service the customers appropriately. Although this may be perceived as a risky approach, the benefits gained from such agreements are of significance.   Through forming partnerships airlines can gain additional routes, marketing power and global presence.   Southwest Airlines have gone one step further in the design of their place strategy.  Ã‚   Through focussing of the short-haul domestic market in the US they have ensured that the average duration of their flights is less than one hour.   This increases their probability of meeting desired time schedules and subsequently directly improves customer satisfaction. Promotion One of the most popular marketing tools within the airline industry is the frequent flyer program.   Airlines reward loyal customers by giving them extras such as upgrades, additional luggage allowance, priority booking and access to business lounges.   Such programs are clearly very popular with approximately 25% of Americas belonging to at least one loyalty program. (Costello, 2001, p.B9). The customer experience itself represents another key area in which aviation companies strive to successfully promote their offerings.   Areas of the operation such as baggage turnaround, timeliness of flights and numbers of customer complaints are measured through Key Performance Indicators and communicated openly to customers and employees. The understanding here is that high service quality will lead to happier customers, higher sales and higher profits. (Czaplewski, Ferguson, Milliman, 2001, p.14-17). Southwest Airline’s latest promotional program is Ding, a real time notification system that informs their customers of the latest offers and developments.   The messages communicated to customers are carefully targeted and segmented and utilize SMS and email systems to deliver the communication directly to the right customer. Conclusion In order to be successful in the current market, airlines need to develop a deep understanding of their customer base.   Through understanding their customer’s motivations, hot buttons and unmet needs (Aaker, 2001) they can develop marketing practices which allow them to compete in this demanding environment. The market is seeing significant changes as companies develop different approaches to increasing their sales or lowering their costs and a carefully designed and implemented marketing mix is critical to success in this environment. References Czaplewski, A.; Ferguson, J.; Milliman, J. Southwest Airlines: How Internal Marketing Pilots. Success, Marketing Management,   2001, p. 14-17 Costello, J. (2001, November 6). Gounded: Airlines Attempt to Win Back Former Frequent Flyers International Civil Aviation Authority, Airline Traffic Forecasts and Financial Trends — 2006 to 2008, I, January 2007. Miller, W. (2004, August 16). Airlines take to the internet. Industry Week, 248(15),   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   130-133. Retrieved March 23, 2008 from ProQuest database. Newsweek. (2003, September 18). Good times in the skies. p. 58. AAker, D, 6th Ed, 2001, Strategic Market Management Kotler et al, 13th Ed, 2008, Marketing Management www.Southwest airlines.com

Goal Setting And Time Management

Goal Setting And Time Management Goal setting tools is definitely recommended. It doesnt really challenege show up were talking about. But goal setting tips is very important on the subject of time management. When you are aware your goals, you are in a better position to accomplish all the jobs that you should accomplish. The first thing is always to gain an understanding of tips on how to reach the best time management skills goal setting. Ahead of starting your goals, you should give some thought in regards to what it is that you will need for getting done. Exist many tasks in front of yourself on the day? Would you enjoy making better technique time youve in front of you? Are you interested in creating more a while that you could put to personal use? Questions honestly will let you build your goals properly. It is when youre conscious of what you look for to complete the actual goal setting tools should commence. Deal with your short-term goals to start with. Is it possible to do multiple of those with a given day? If you do, do this. Keep things simple. That is going to assist you to keep motivated but not get bogged down by details. Once these short-term goals are accomplished, its time to visualize your long-term goals. Dont be bogged down by too many short-term goals at the same time. You wish to have a good reason for staying motivated while you are wanting to accomplish something which requires longer than normal. Time management ideas goal setting tips means, among other things, ways to challenge yourself but not to begin making things look impossibly difficult. A lot of easy chores can undermine your motivation, but goals which may be too formidable may pave the way for failure. So make sure that your ultimate goal is realistic. This can be always a good idea. One other good idea is, needless to say, to make it rewarding when you fulfill a certain task. The reward ought to be like the goal achieved. A compact task done might require you can forget reward than an soft serve ice cream cone. If its been a big deal, purchase to something you might have been wanting for many years, something like a whole new computer. Time management skills setting goals is amongst the things that can make your life more stimulating in a very general way. Knowing tips on how to create your goals, you will stay away from the miseries that a great many people experience if they are not managing their time in addition to they need to. Personal time management and Setting goals the proper way There are numerous elements that distract you as long as youre working online. It is usually quite challenging to aim to juggle numerous things all at one time. One great tip that I learned in one of my mentors was the concept of using a timer. Which has a timer tracking your worktime, you can quickly notice where you are spending your serious amounts of learn to not allocate your time and energy to non-critical activities including reading email or finding new products. Present have you ever discovered you are in a situation that needs you to definitely do something extremely importantto discover youve convinced you to ultimately delay? Truth be told, every one of us procrastinate to some degree or another. When procrastination is starting to become portion of your everyday routine then procrastination grows more compared to a minor issue within your business. It is really an obstacle to success. Thankfully you curently have more control of these forces than you may realize, and you have to work and practice a few simple but incredibly strong techniques to boost your drive minimizing your resistance. One workout is to comprehend that procrastination is situated your brain. It is advisable to replace these thoughts of putting things off into empowered thinking habits instead. Keep an action journal to keep yourself accountable for the unfinished work, in order to find an accountability partner! Somebody is someone who holds you accountable for tasks as well as meeting your goals. Time management skills Analysis Questions: 1. How do you keep track of your goals? 2. Have listing of daily goals? 3. Do you plan your week, month or year? 4. At the end for the daySometimes you may feel you could have accomplished your goals? 5. Will you take any breaks in your workday? In that case the amount of? 6. Do you think youre a victim of trying to multitask an excessive amount of? 7. The amount of will you look at your email? 8. How often do you meet your deadlines? 9. Is there a first thing you choose to do in the morning? 10. How will you decide whats important? Solution: 1. Write things down (Carry a journal) 2. Prioritize your list be responsible for reaching/not reaching goals (find an accountability partner) 3. Learn how to say no to time wasting tasks (negative people included) 4. Check email daily or once weekly 5. Set weekly, monthly yearly goals (Target Monthly/Yearly Income) 6. Implement an occasion management system (break tasks into manageable daily/weekly or monthly tasks) 7. Identify your improper habits and try to illuminate them 8. Determine what works and get over it magnify your strengths 9. Make it rewarding for completing goals(take mini-vacations) 10. Outsource as much as possible 11. Automate Everything 12. Know your financial limits (keep track of everything arriving on and on out) Productivity Tools: 1. Journal/ Planner 2. Calendar 3. Robo Form for Password Management 4. Reminders and Alarms/Timers 5. Outsourcing Services/ Virtual Assistants 6. Organizational Tools (helpful websites next page) Take an inventory of all the so-called key components required for your web success, which weve discussed throughout this chapter and which can be outlined within the list above. This list above illustrates some extremely important ways to detect the urgency of your respective tasks. Upon having your list, make adjustments in accordance with your schedule. Organize your ideas and stay open to coming up with some new ones at the same time. Now, rather than list you have a road map of sorts, and that is just a strategy for putting structure down on paper. Effective Personal time management and Goal setting tips For your Overwhelmed Entrepreneur What emotions do these words evoke? Hows that phrase make you feel? If you are an overwhelmed entrepreneur likelihood is it does not provde the warm fuzzies! Whatever it can be, the one thing is made for sure; not all of us are born effective time managers! Most people wish we 25 hours, and up, daily to install our to dos in. However, it is actually very possible to become more designed in A shorter period once you give attention to being effective or perhaps prioritizing those to dos rather then cramming them within this elusive thing we call Time. If you feel about this, and dig a little deeper, personal time management is usually a mere figment in our imagination! Effective Time management skills EQUALS Effective Goal setting techniques Essentially, time management techniques for entrepreneurs is dependant on focusing on developing effective goal setting tools skills to make essentially the most almost daily that is available to us (just one day)! For being more appropriate at time management operator must talk about or herself: Have i got the focus, clarity and purposefulness to be aware what activities I ought to prioritize in order to assist me to advance in reaching my offer and time management skills goals? If i was to: Prioritize Limit Focus We may succeed time managers. Prioritizing, limiting, and working on a few things helps us feel more accomplished and productive together with helps us progress in reaching our business goals. Though the million-dollar question then becomes How can we become effective goal setters? How do we develop that sense of purposefulness making sure that we become entrepreneurs who manage our time effectively? Panic disorder thats: Find YOUR PASSIONS and know your STRENGTHS! Before setting goals, we must first ensure that i am truly following our personal passions! Find out what youre passionate about, awesome (just skip to next subheading)! If you do not know very well what youre excited about, determine the following questions. 1) What work/activities get me most excited? a. Can it be serving others by marketing a unique services or products? b. Will it be an actual task like instructing others? c. Would I enjoy work with others locally or globally? (Offline, Online or both!) 2) What am I best at? What skill sets are my strongest? a. Writing b. Presentation c. Instructing or Teaching? d. Coaching? 3) When am I MOST looking forward to using my talents and time effectively? Once you know your passions and what your strengths do you think youre can develop clear and effective goals. Apply the 80/20 Rule to Everything Everyone understands that 80/20 rule can assist you to improve your personal time management. So, what on earth is 80/20 rule? An Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto had found an unequal distribution of wealth that 20% of individual own 80% on the money. This principle is usually put on other industries. This principle is additionally called vital few and trivial many. 20% of something is usually to blame for 80% in the results. So, how much does this suggest for you? And what is the 80 20 rule in time management skills? Think way: 20% of the work may cost 80% of their time. It seems as if a whole lot waste energy, fine? Meanwhile, we can easily consider at another angel, that is 20% from the tasks you need to do could lead to 80 % with the result. Bingo, this is actually the 20 80 rule in time management! So, to use your time effective, you should target the 20% in the tasks that may end in 80% on the result. With this way, you can find far better work result by focus on those 20% work there. When you have learn the duty participate in 20% which create for you high benefit, you need to pay attention to them. And, here fit coming. Tips on how to evaluate which sorts of task will belong to 20%? This is some question you need to ask you: can you usually implementing urgent tasks? Do you cost a lot of your time to dedicate yourself other folks, and the ones people have no priority in your case? Tasks take to much time than you anticipate? Are you complaining during the most time of ones work? Would be the tasks your are performing just isnt what youre effective in? Plus it takes an excessive amount of time? Well, if your answer above is absolutely. It could determine that youll be doing tasks within 80% and so they are only able to bring about 20% effectiveness. You should do a reveres here: The duty that you are implementing is actually what you want to accomplish? The activities you do now will send you to your goals? Do you feel happy in your working? If suggestions some task you want to do, but you are negative at it, will you delivery those tasks to people? Could it be highly relatively for a long-term goal that when the position your are performing is just not that which you like? Ok. If the fact is positive, well, your task is owned by 20% and which will result in 80% result. Today, you ought to make list to write down all your task that youre going to do during in the future. And divide them into two parts. One is 80% and just one more is 20%. Here now, all your good working time should be cost around the 20%. With this way, youll be able to achieve greater than before. Living the 80/20 Rule Where do you need the 80/20 rule out your work and life? A single section of gaming Regularly being a consultant inside public sector. In another Regularly as being a coach; with both life coaching and corporate clients. Also i produce other businesses in completely unrelated fields including pet supplies, parenting products, and food supplements. The opposite regions of my entire life are put in leisure activities with my family. I would not consider myself a jack of all trades/master of none, though: these endeavors counseled me chosen deliberately and executed carefully. Having a lot of things out and about satisfies my should stay diversified and busy (yes, Image told they have ADHD) i love (almost) everything I really do. Importantly, I additionally have time for everything I actually do with some to spare. For the reason that from the 80/20 rule. Simply speaking, I attempt to focus on the twenty percent of my entire life and work which gives me the most results and enjoyment. And i also attempt to say no to or outsource the opposite 80 percent whenever and wherever I could. Basically, I only work and spend time with the folks I wish to be around, and i also only work on what I have to focus on. I understand that saying these items is controversial: you will be convinced that this does not sign up for your life along with your particular situation. You dont possess the luxury to easily outsource what toddler do. You have commitments and responsibilities Weve commitments and responsibilities too, obviously; and naturally you will discover some tips i cant outsource or say no to either. But its exactly about where I choose direct my energy while keeping your focus: I understand I can not always live gaming inside 20 percent but Also i understand that if I try, Ill consistently be considered a lot closer than plainly dont. (You should say that the chance to do only what one wants depends on circumstance and luck. This is true to some large degree but Furthermore assume that luck is to be based in the intersection of preparation and opportunity) Therefore the aim of this chapter should be to encourage for you you prioritized the points you want in your own life, and that which you really need to be doing regular then looking honestly at where you can unload many of the 80 % that does not fit with the eyes. To get started on, hunt for those big-lever changes you can make that you experienced. They do not need to be complicated or overwhelming: they include any adjustments, big or small, that have a major impact. A large-lever change could be described as a change of careers, as an example, or it could be something much smaller which has a domino-effect in your lifetime. A straightforward big-lever change could possibly be something as elementary as outsourcing the duty of unloading the dishwasher: when it reduces stress towards the end of the busy day, and give you time for something more pleasurable, then its certainly worth the extra 5 dollars in allowance! That is just one small example there are lots of. Where else can you use the 80/20 rule in yourself? Where else are you able to pinpoint the twenty percent of your life and work which gives the biggest results and greatest satisfaction? And where could you set out to unload others? Applying the Beneficial 80-20 Rule to Your Business The majority of people who built their unique businesses from your ground-up think that the business is their child. They need to protect it with everything else they have. They want to be sure that everything around the clients are accomplished just perfectly. This constant daily focus to every little detail could be the primary reason that a small business becomes stagnant. There may be only a great deal time in the day and if youre spending your whole day ensuring that it is all totally done ideal, there are no time left to inflate your online business and lift to the next level of success. It is advisable to continue to apply the 80/20 rule on your business. Stay, do a list of other nutritional foods that you do all day long in running your company. It could be looking to close sales with customers, ensuring youve got people from jobs or projects that are doing what they are meant to do. Being confident that you get invoices out once they need to be out. Being sure that the payroll is going punctually. Soon after days, go through the list and try to figure out how some of these things helps you increase and expand your online business. When the activities you wrote down dont help you in this way, hire a roofer as part of your organization that you simply feel you can rely on and delegate these every day tasks to them. You dont need to completely surrender control of the daily business activities, this is where the 20% comes in. You have to spend 80% of energy on other business expanding activities. An individual will be out of under the way of life you will soon find strategies to spend your time which are a lot more productive in the long run. Now you can fill the shoes from the CEO of your organization. It somewhat to have acquainted with the newest role, but start every morning convinced that today your job is to use new strategies to improve the revenues at your company beyond methods you already use It will not be a long time before you will be able to waste most of your time and efforts with this new role of CEO. Just think of the benefits it will give you, your household along with your employees whenever you can take a step back and discover the forest even though the trees, it will be easy to more clearly pick which is best direction for the business growing in. By trusting others who are qualified to control the day to day tasks of your business it is possible to generate an even better business for every individual concerned. Apply the 80/20 Rule watching Your own Productivity Soar During the early 1900s, Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto observed that 20 % of those in Italy owned 80 % with the wealth. Over 3 decades later, Dr. Joseph M. Juran, who worked in the field of Quality Management in the United States, recognized the same occurrence, namely, a large number of things in life are unevenly distributed. He referred to this trend as Paretos 80/20 Principle, and that is otherwise referred to as the 80/20 rule. Basically because of this a percentage (roughly 20%) of the overall activity yields a greater percentage (roughly 80%) with the result. Applying the 80/20 rule for your personal productivity will let you prioritize your job from most critical to lowest and then to budget your efforts accordingly. For making prioritizing your tasks easier, estimate how long you will need to complete each task. You will end up more productive should you give attention to completing the main tasks first in case you finish time-sensitive projects before tackling other tasks. One survey revealed that while people spend 60 hours weekly within their offices, they actually under 20 hours of actual work. Applying the 80/20 rule, with all the aforementioned suggestions, could send the common office-worker soaring to employee with the month before you know it! With your priorities set and also a definite plan in position as to what work you have to complete as well as the time-frame you must complete it, you are well on the right path to improved personal productivity. Again, the 80/20 rule points too in a amount time you could end up very productive. Therefore, dont use becoming side-tracked by non-essential intruders like procrastination. Consider the existing adage, why defer tomorrow you skill today! Also, be mindful that throughout a day, unexpected things purchased up and require our time. However, its usually the exception and never the rule. If you need your productivity to soar, focus on one goal around the goal of completing your tasks on-time! Now you know that you strive to be, its a good time and energy to determine in which you are now pertaining to reaching your goal. Do you think youre already inside 20% of efficient, productive workers, are you currently inside 80% of not-so-productive workers, or are you somewhere in-between? How much does your annual or quarterly review reveal about your personal productivity? So what can your peer reviews show? Regardless of your present standing, take a genuine glance at the work you have done lately. You might not demand a full overhaul of ones work habits but instead you could only need to fine-tune a couple of areas. Feel free. Why not start today? Apply the 80/20 rule at the office and in some cases both at home and just watch your personal productivity soar! Time Management Principles Essentially the most fearsome things facing consumers s all of what which seem to conspire to distract use from what we should are supposed to be doing. From mobile phones on the internet to TV, irrespective of where we go there will be something to try and do aside from our assigned tasks, and it is so easy to goof off and obtain nothing done. Here are a couple principles to help you manage your time to help you utilize it as effectively as possible. First off, it is important to recognize that we as individuals have a fixed length of time and a large number of stuff we can easily do by using it. Thus, weve got to prioritize and use our time for it to do the things which may help use to obtain our goals and accomplish the tasks which might be most important to us. An important time management planning skill will be the capability to break big tasks into more palatable pieces. We often are facing huge projects or jobs which will take many the perfect time to complete. Thankfully that lots of times were given a lot of amount of time in order to accomplish these projects. The bad thing is the fact that often we have been intimidated by the these big projects so we dont start them until the eleventh hour, which means that we are left racing to acquire whatever to control your emotions in time and still having a poor taste in our mouth. So, work out how much of your livelihood youre able to do everyday every week, basically exactly what is going to take to accomplish it, and then choose a day to begin. This leads into your significance about making a plan and sticking to it. Understand what have a plan that you simply follow, you will be disorganized and you will probably struggle to maximize your time and energy. You will have a seat to function on something but you wont have a clear concept of things to do, and quite often which means the next occasion, you wont possess the hear by sitting and you will probably loosen up in any respect. This might be prevented by proper planning. These are just a couple of personal time management ideas, they must be enough to get you started. The main thing is you remove whatever is distracting and find down to business with anything you should achieve. Determing the best Time management planning Principles Doing your best with your time and energy is usually essential if you would like be truly successful in your everyday living while still having some balance in every your roles. You cannot obtain the time that you just spend, or waste, on something back. Instead, you should ensure that you spend every possible moment being as productive as possible. People who find themselves not really acquainted with time management principles might find it challenging to maximize from a time. However, when you get accustomed to seeing your time slowly tick away, you will want learn how to take advantage of out of your time. Learning the best way to prioritize your everyday To Do list will be the number 1 time management skills skill you could have. Being aware of what tasks have to be completed first can help you get everything carried out in your little friend length of time you have. It does not matter a high level be home more mother, someone working full-time in the job, an executive or CEO, a make money online entrepreneur, or perhaps a retired senior, you will always should make one of the most of each hour of your respective day. The most wealth in life is being able to take enough time to relish all of your activities and being liberal to have a ball with your leisure along with your daily work activities. Likewise, if you do not manage your time and effort well, you will discover yourself overwhelmed with activities to do without extra time to get them completed in. Time is surely an equal opportunity employer. Each man has the exact same variety of hours and minutes each day. Rich cant buy additional hours. Scientists cant invent new minutes. So you cant not waste time to shell out it on at a later date. Having said that, time is amazingly fair and forgiving. Regardless how enough time youve wasted in the past, youve still got a total tomorrow! ~ Denis Waitely ~ Another biggest time management principle that one could have is to find added time. This might seem impossible, but is in fact very possible. You will find added time by spending a shorter period doing menial tasks. Keep a journal to see what we spend your time on every single day a week or two weeks. Then determine if youre centering on the tasks that bring you joy or successes you might be targeting in your everyday living. Should you may spend to much time on activities that are not working toward your longtime or lifestyle goals, you possibly can review when your need to do them, at least review how much actual time you will allocate to the task. You dont need to clean your car each day, and also you does not have to proceed to the store daily either. Simply combine all of your repeated tasks whenever feasible into just getting done a couple of times 7 days. This can help you save hours of your time in just a few short months. Furthermore, it mandates that you adjust several levels in your daily schedule. The 3 Principles Of Productivity Are you aware? The tendency for most people is always to assume that the subsequent software program them to buy, your next computer they purchase, the subsequent smartphone them to use, will suddenly grow their productivity due to advanced technology. The truth is that this technology itself will never allow you to be more productive. What will allow you to be more productive is definitely the technology in a manner that is dependant on timeless principles, principles that never change no matter advancements in technology. One of many important principles you simply must bear in mind is to carry your calendar, your contacts as well as your tasks to you wherever you are going. Whether you employ a smart phone or maybe a paper planner to accomplish that, it matters not just as much as the commitment you will be making to live that principle. So, next time you think that purchasing a new tool will make you more productive, take into account that theyll only allow you to productive if you live good principles of good time management planning and productivity. This chapter will familiarizes you with those principles. Its inside habits you develop in places you will experience a long-lasting change. The 3 Principles of Productivity and Personal time management: 1) Space 2) Mind 3) Time 1) Space: What this means is your workspace: the physical items around you. How well will you be when using the physical space that youve? Look for gathering points: piles of papers, stacks of bills, drawers stuffed with miscellaneous items, even telephone voicemail box, your email inbox and receipts stuffed on your bottom line are extremely deemed as gathering points. We have to reduce the quantity of gathering points youve got so as to lessen the number of switches that occur within your day. Remember, every gathering point you make makes you be less efficient, make more mistakes and increase your stress levels. An illustration: Suppose you and I have been in a competition, an orange gathering competition. We need to both gather oranges from trees and them into one basket. Us both have to get together 100 oranges each and set them into one basket. The first one to complete the task wins. Now, assume you have to gather the oranges from 20 different trees i ought to gather oranges from only 5 different trees. Who is going to win competition? Its very simple right? When you have to make more trips forwards and backwards between all those trees to have the oranges into that basket, youre going to possess a lot more switches. You will waste a lot of time and energy moving back and forth between the many different gathering points (1 tree = 1 gathering point) for oranges. I must make less trips planning to fewer trees (less gathering points). So, I am going faster and I win other sellers. The same principle happens in your entire day. If you have lots of gathering points, you will spend a lot of time and heading back and forth with shod and non-shod. By reducing the amount of gathering points you have, you gain precious time within your day helping you to target more essential plus more valuable activities. 2) Mind Stop with your mind to be a gathering point. If you utilize your brain like a gathering point, this means you allow many to-dos, tasks and projects to swirl around in your head. Think about the last hour. Offer did you interrupt yourself each time a new thought popped in your thoughts? All of those little self interruptions became a switch. A switch causes things to be more difficult time, makes you make more mistakes and itll raise your stress levels. A mind stuffed with to-dos and action items is constantly in a state of switching which can be terribly inefficient, stressful to cause plenty of mistakes. Possess seen instances of folks who damage their personal relationships mainly because their thoughts are loaded with too many unresolved thoughts. We have also seen those who dont get enough sleeping hours given that they hit the sack during the night time contemplating everything that they need to do and awaken each day thinking about all the jobs that they have to do. Solution: Empty the pockets of this mind when you go to bed. 3) Time Your third and final principle that you simply have a home in order to master your time and energy, works with the way you view time itself. Especially, never pay interest with your time. So what can What im saying is when I say interest on time? Perhaps youve heard the phrase time=money. Im not sure if time always is cash except time certainly behaves like money because its a scarce resource. Lots of people have observed first-hand, the negative consequences of commencing debt with money. The absolutely no.1 results of visiting debt with money is that you have to re-pay it with interest. Put simply, if you buy something on credit, in lieu of budgeting for doing this and paying cash all upfront, you can be paying additional ultimately. Would you be surprised if I mentioned you could borrow time? In reality, Id personally reckon that so many people are borrowing time each day. Now, I am not stating that youll be able to magically get 25 hours everyday

Henrik Ibsens A Doll’s House :: A Dolls House Essays

Henrik Ibsen's A Doll’s House In A Doll’s House, Henrik Ibsen reveals how society and authority hinders the development of individuality. By examining how Nora’s father treated her, the way Nora’s husband talked to her, a woman’s social expectations, and the social status of women, Ibsen sets forth the image of a stiffed woman, trapped in an unhappy marriage. Nora’s father treated her as if she was just a little play doll. He belittled her and treated Nora like a baby. Referencing to her father, Nora illustrates this by saying, â€Å" . . . He called me his little doll, and he played with me just the way I played with my dolls. Then I came to live in your house . . . I was passed from Papa’s hands to yours,†(Act III 1120). The way Torvald, Nora’s husband, talked to her showed how he degraded and belittled Nora. He talked to Nora as if she was inferior to him. He implied that he was a better person due to his social status. In Act III of A Doll’s House, Torvald shows his vulgar and subservient manner towards Nora by saying, â€Å"Oh, you think and talk like a stupid child,†(Act III 1123). A woman’s social expectations were to stay at home, and conceive the offspring. It was thought that women had to depend on men for everything. What ever the woman wanted to do, had to be approved by the male spouse. â€Å"Oh, I wish I’d inherited more of Papa’s qualities,† exemplifies Nora’s urge to become more powerful (Act I 1074). At that time, women’s status in society was a step below those of men. Women could not vote, open their own bank account, or have a management position. In some extreme cases of the women’s low status, they were told to marry the man whom their parents told them to marry. Torvald depicts how men were thought to be higher than women are by claiming, â€Å" . . . but no man can be expected to sacrifice his honor, even for the person he loves,†(Act III 1123).

Reflective Practice Essay

I am writing this reflective journal in accordance with the CNO`s reflective practice standards and the LEARN model. Though my time on 600A has only just begun I have learned so much. Like many second year students, this is my first experience in the hospital. It has proven to be much different than my previous clinical experiences. My time with my first client stands out in my mind as a key learning experience. I like to believe that I am caring and compassionate with everyone I meet, especially in a professional setting. This particular client was a lady in her early 80s. She was good natured and very easy to get along with. She was cognitively aware and quite bright. As a result of bowel surgery she had an ostomy. This was new to her and I could tell she was unsure about it. My first day with her we did a lot of chatting and sharing. She told me about her husband, children and career as a kindergarten teacher. This helped build a certain level of comfort with me as a caregiver. I had her to come for walks with me down the hall and once she was up and moving she said she felt much better. I helped her with her first shower post-op. I made her feel more comfortable by promising to stay outside the door while she was in there. When she was finished, I helped her to apply lotion to her dry skin and at her request gave her a good back rub. My shift ended and I said my goodbyes. My client told me she was sad to see me go and was looking forward to my return the next morning. That night when I went home I did some research into ostomies. Through my textbooks and previous experience I had a solid knowledge of the basic care but just in case I wanted to refresh. I was excited to return to clinical the next morning. My client had a big smile for me when I walked into her room. Throughout the evening the ostomy nurse had come in, did some assessments and quickly taught my client how to empty and clean the appliance. Unfortunately since the nurse was very busy she did not have the time practice with her. My client told me she was unsure and nervous about performing the task. Since I had taken the extra time to do the research the night before, I was able to take the client into  the bathroom and walk her through the steps. I had the knowledge necessary to put my client at ease and make her feel more comfortable with this new situation. My client went home that day while I was still on shift. Before she left she thanked me and told me she wouldn`t have felt ready to leave if I had not been able to teach her about the appliance. She even made sure I met her husband and he thanked me as well. I felt very proud to be a student nurse that day. I believe I had a positive impact on that client. I took the time to care for the client and attend to her post-operative needs. As the former president of the CNO, Sandra Ireland said, â€Å"Nursing is not like any other job — it is a profession that allows us to influence lives in ways that we know and ways that we cannot imagine. Clients and families carry with them the words of comfort, caring and encouragement you say during difficult times and throughout the rest of their lives.â€Å" (Ireland, 1998) My client had a big adjustment to make and I was there to offer the support she needed. By taking the time to care about my client, not only as a client but as a person I was able to make her stay at the hospital a better experience for her and her family. She felt comfortable and well cared for and her husband was more at ease knowing people were there to care when he couldn`t be. I was able to anticipate the client`s needs and prepare myself to assist with those needs as they arose. The Sault College Practical Nursing Program beliefs on caring are outlined in the student success guide. It states, â€Å"Caring is the essence of nursing practice. When caring is the foundation for helping relationships, each person is a partner in growth towards optimal health. The interpersonal connection between caregiver and client transcends time, gender and technology. It is our view that caring, as an interpersonal interaction can be learned. A caring nurse strives for competence and excellence in the professional practice. Caring can be modeled, acquired, practiced, perfected and evaluated.† (Sault College of Applied Arts & Technology School of Health & Community Services, 2008) Based on this principle of caring I feel I did a good job of caring for my client post-operative needs. I was able to form a  caring relationship with her. I was competent in the skills I performed with her and she left me healthier than when we first met. My care was lacking a holistic approach. Looking back I did an excellent job at caring for this woman and her new ostomy but I forgot about just the woman. Lois White explains, nursing the whole person: physical, emotional, intellectual, psychological, spiritual and sociocultural, is essential to ensure the health and well-being of a client in the healthcare system. By ignoring the other areas I did not provide the best care I’m capable of. She may have had some self-esteem issues related to having this appliance or concerns about how others will react, especially her family and friends. An ostomy is a huge adjustment to make and as the nurse I could have offered some support. The more time I get to practice caring and working on interpersonal connections with clients the better I will be at caring. I believe caring is an art and a skill and they only way to perfect it is to do it. I will try spending more time thinking and planning how I am going care for my clients. I will reflect on how my work with clients affected them and gauge this with their reactions. The client themselves are in the best position to evaluate my skills as a caregiver. This week when I return to the clinical setting I will put my new approach into action. After data collecting I will think about more about the holistic person than just treatments involved with their current surgery or illness. I will do my best to identify any issues fears the client is facing and offer support for these. I will speak to my client about their mental and social wellness and do my best to assess their status within my scope. If nothing more I may be able to offer brochures or phone numbers for support groups in the area. While working with the nurses, I will observe their interactions with the clients and the care they provide. I will attempt to use the good I see and learn from the bad. If I find someone with a style of caring I truly admire I will find time to discuss it with them and take in any jewels of wisdom  they have to offer me. At the end of the day or when I find a quiet moment I will reflect on the care I provided that day. I will think about my clients, and how I made them feel. My goal is receive positive feedback from all the clients I interact with each clinical day, whether it is verbal or a simple smile. I will leave my clients knowing that I provided them with the best, holistic care I could. I would also like to take some time either on a break or after clinical ends and really talk to my classmates about how they feel they are doing. We could discuss not just the new skills we learned and may have preformed, as per usual, but their progress with caring. Through this reflection I expanded my definition of care. I have always provided good care for my client’s ailments but I never took the time to really think about everything they may need to feel well again. Secondly I realized in order to be a truly caring nurse you need to take the time to think about your actions and interactions with clients. Reflecting back on the day, whether it is formal and written as in this journal or with classmates on the way home, will help me learn, grow and develop as a nurse. References: Ireland, S. (March 2004). President`s message. The Standard, 29 (1), 4. Sault College of Applied Arts & Technology School of Health & Community Services. (2008). Practical nursing program student success guide 2008-2009. Sault Ste Marie, ON. White, Lois. (2000). Foundations of Nursing: Caring for the Whole Person. Albany,NY: Cengage Learning

Market Analysis of Leasing Industry in Sri Lanka Essays

Market Analysis of Leasing Industry in Sri Lanka Essays Market Analysis of Leasing Industry in Sri Lanka Essay Market Analysis of Leasing Industry in Sri Lanka Essay This situation has changed drastically during the latter part of 2012. With these changes many banks and leasing companies experienced a slowdown in their leasing business activities Also Neffs have faced a fears competition from the Laces due to the rate differences In the assignment the author will analyze the current market situation and identify current issues and challenges faced by the Industry as a whole and by he selected entity Citizen Development Financial Services Pl COB. PESTLE analysis is conducted to analyze the environment and total market situation and SOOT was carried out to identify the strengths and opportunities to eliminate weaknesses. By application of marketing models, tool theories the author has arrived at a marketing strategy to go forward in next two years and also remedies for the challenges and problems. An actual Marketing budget is proposed along with actions and time lines for the implementation of the above. 1. Situation Analysis 1. 1 Sir Lankan Financial Industry Overview Characteristic of this island nation which has always surprised economists with its resilience and dynamic kinetics despite challenges that have impacted not only the region and the world, but the country itself, Sir Lankan once again posted strong economic growth, posted at 6. 5% at end 2012. This is remarkable given that this growth, though slightly reduced from the original projection still remains above both regional and global growth paradigms. The Sir Lankan banking and financial services industry is vibrant and market driven and hence as a consumer you are at an advantage. There are around 0 institutions, including commercial banks, licensed specialized banks (savings banks and development banks) and licensed finance companies. When we look at the statistics of the Central Bank we can clearly see the trend of increasing revenue and asset bases of non banking financial Institutes. Our target company which is Citizen Development Financial Services hereinafter refer as CDC , belongs to the Non Banking Financial Institutes and offers Leasing as their main product in product portfolio. Though there were some hiccup and fluctuation in global and Sir Lankan economy what we can e it Financial industry as a whole is not affected very much. Collapse of Ceylon group and its financial institutes made an effect but couldnt withhold the progress of the sector. 1. 2 Company Overview Citizen Development Business Finance CDC one of the Sir Lands fastest growing financial institution ( Sixth place in the NAB sector) , offering wide range of financial solutions to its customers through their Island wide branch network. . 2. 1 Vision of the company To be the financial power house that will foster entrepreneurial innovation and workmanship towards building up our nations economy to make sustained gains in living standards of Sir Lankan For the last few years after coming out of the Ceylon group umbrella as an Independent financial institute they have grown faster than the industry in terms of top line and bottom line. Branch network has expanded to 55 and also north and east aft er the end of ethnic conflict in Sir Lankan. Also for the past few years company is achieving its key performance indicators through Also they have come up in the corporate arena in Sir Lankan and recognized as one of the most valued brand in Sir Lankan for consecutive years. ( By LAM ) Source : Lankan Monthly Digest ( LAM ) Courtesy : Media Services (Pit) Ltd 1. 2. 2 External Environment- PESTLE Analysis It gives a birds eye view of the whole environment from many different angles that one wants to check and keep a track of while contemplating on a marketing plan. During the PESTLE analysis we are considering the macro environment in terms of Political, Economical, Social, Technical, Legal Environmental frameworks. Economical Interest rate movement, inflation rate movement and exchange rate movement have a considerable impact Central Bank tightened its monetary logic stance by raising policy interest rates ( raise of market interest rates due to this ) and imposing a ceiling on rupee lending. Possibility of further monetary-policy tightening will be heightened by CBS. Inflation has continued to remain at single digit levels for over 3 years declining on a on-year basis to a very low level of 2. Per cent in February 201 2 due to cautious monetary and fiscal policy CBS had largely ceased its intervention in the foreign-exchange market. This had allowed the rupee a certain degree of flexibility to flow. The relaxation of exchange-rate controls had led to appreciation for the rupee in recent past stabilization afterwards. The volatile global econ omic landscape Political Nobles, faced changes in taxation policy and some inconsistencies The increase in tariffs on imported vehicles impacted consumer purchasing behavior considerably, led to an emergence of difficulties in achieving lending targets. Prolific increase in the importation of motor vehicles, coupled with high demand for fuel, rising carbon dioxide emissions and traffic congestion, saw the Government strategies to reduce the encumbrances on its import payments, infrastructure and carbon footprint. This led to a revision on the excise duty on motor vehicles to lessen the burden. Legal The supervisory and regulatory framework continued to strengthen with several diktats issued for both banks and Elfs. Sells were subjected to assessment of fitness and propriety of Directors and key management personnel, as well as changes to definitions in the compilation of key indicators A panel of external auditors was appointed to conduct external audits of Nobles. Financial reporting is slated to improve further with the entirety of the financial sector becoming FIRS compliant, believed to be a mounding step in promoting greater harmonistic with international regulatory standards, which in turn prompts increased resilience. Environmental COBs prime business segment is in leasing and in that, being in vehicles. With vehicles being a primary source of carbon dioxide emissions, Companys responsibility therefore is to reduce these emissions and work toward minimizing the harmful impacts. Green initiatives by customers, business partners communities resulted better management practices via paper recycling, saving of electricity and water and even appreciation of Sir Lands unique wetlands. Technological Given the long term partnership we mooted with Commercial Bank Of Sir Lankan where the Command ATM network can be accessed by CDC customers First N.B. to have a fully operational Core Banking Solution networking entire operations Social Pressure from the socio-cultural variables prevalent in a multi-dimensional country like Sir Lankan, CDC has to focused on social variables . One such is the diversification into Islamic Finance which functions according to Shari ah law, based on parameters prescribed by internationally accepted Shari ah scholars. 2. Product Category Review Total leasing category in the country is growing at a steady rate and two major sectors Licensed Banking N.B.. As a total the whole industry has grown significantly over the past years. The following graph show the growth in industry, When you consider the total credit and loan facilities leasing plays a significant portion of that as a whole ( Including Banks Nabs ) 2. 1 CDC Leasing COBs prime business segment is in leasing and in majority is comprised with the vehicle leasing. Throughout the 1 7 years journey of the company their main product officer is being Leasing. Product portfolio of COB The above graph show the significance in the leasing products for the company which the revenue contribution is more than 50%. 2. Distribution profile CDC Distribution Chain Nell mainly comprises of four components a. Branches b. Area development offices c. Dealer Network d. Service Center above channels are catering to customers and their requirement and we have seen a rapid growth in distribution channels in last few years 2. Pricing overview , Offering Packaging Segmental Pricing Approach is being deployed through the product line. Even though the main product being CDC leasing there are sub products and rand for different segments have offered. Following table shows the offering portfolio. Product Category Key Brands Offering Leasing CDC Leasing This is the main brand of CDC when it comes to Leasing COB Batty Lease COB Mini Truck Lease These two brands to focus on providing lending to small truck segment Small Car Lease Brand which facilitate small cars below 1 000 C engine capacity CDC -AWE Lease This brand is focusing on attracting three wheeler 3. Competitive Analysis The leasing products were dominated by the Nabs in early year and then Commercial Banks started leasing as a product offer in their portfolio with increase of demand for motor vehicle leasing sector in the country. Imports of the vehicles have grown significantly year by year in each segments personal, Transportation, Trade land vehicles, motor Cycles T-Wheelers. Bank have a competitive advantage over the leasing rates since they can offer l ow rates compared to Neffs . The reason behind this is cost of funds for the banks are low where as Nabs cost of funds high since its mainly depending on the fixed deposits. 3. 1 Major Competitors in Leasing Sector in Sir Lankan Commercial Banks Non Banking financial Institutions Commercial Bank Pl Bank Of Ceylon Peoples Bank Wheaton National Bank Sympathy Bank Sealant bank Peoples Leasing Financial Services ( PL ) nana Iris Leasing Company Limited ( LOC) LB finance COB Commercial Credit Leasing Within the Nabs , CDC share a 4% of market share in leasing category where there is a huge potential for expansion and intrude in to competitor markets. . 1. 1 Competitor Pricing Overall pricing range of N.B. remains same and but different types of strategies used to attract customers a. Extended Durations Initially almost all institutions offered a duration of 4-5 years leasing term has increased up to 7 years to reduce the monthly installment payment. B. Structured Leasing Leasing is structured by SSH fitting the bulk paying amount to different stages Of the payment structure. E. G. Initial payment of 1 Million to be pay after end of the second year .

The Human Sciences Essays

The Human Sciences Essays The Human Sciences Essay The Human Sciences Essay Human behavior makes most sense when it is explained in terms of beliefs and desires, not in terms of volts and grams (Steven Pinker, 1954-). As Pinker correctly said, humans are characterized by their beliefs and opinions. Many people say that they try to and succeed in maintaining an unprejudiced outlook on daily life. However, in the attempt of being unbiased with their beliefs and conclusions, all humans fail dismally. All things that reside in a persons mind are subjective, and thus loaded with belief. According to the Oxford School Dictionary, a belief is a view or judgment of something not necessarily based on fact or knowledge, and a bias is prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair. If we accept these definitions to be true, then it concludes that it is impossible to have a belief that is unbiased. If one believes something, one has made a judgment of that thing, and thus is biased by that judgment. A belief is, by its very definition, a bias. A person may not have a specific bias for or against an issue, but he or she does have several previously formed beliefs that will lead to the formation of an opinion on that issue. Human scientists are no different. Frequently, while searching for trends in and attempting to define human behavior, scientists draw conclusions that are almost unknowingly laden with biased beliefs. In my opinion, every person, including human scientists, has fallen prey to the confirmation bias, the belief bias, and the prison of consistency while drawing a conclusion that he/she wishes to pass as a knowledge claim. In short, the beliefs of human scientists greatly influence their conclusions. The confirmation bias is the most frequently criticized aspect of human scientists conclusions. People are inclined to believe that the human sciences are more prone to bias (due to being less scientific than their natural science counterparts). Firstly, just like any other humans, human scientists are prone to commence their search for a conclusion about humankind with prejudices and biases about individuals and societies natures. People are more likely to think more highly of a branch of society that they are part of. For this reason, human scientists generally find it difficult to be open minded about contentious topics such as racial and gender differences. Secondly, due to the fact that the human sciences deal with individuals, and people are more likely to form emotional attachments with people, rather than math theorems and atom nuclei, over-identification with humans that a scientist is supposed to be analyzing is almost unavoidable. Just like Bruce Parry had to struggle to remain completely objective while on his stay with the Kombai tribe, human scientists struggle to remain free of previous belief and bias while drawing conclusions about humankind. All scientists, especially human scientists, are prone to being affected by bias and emotion when trying to use reason to conclude a general trend in humankinds behavior. For this reason, there exist all kinds of controversies and disagreements in human science. While trying to draw a conclusion, the confirmation bias leads to scientists only recognizing evidence that contributes to their conclusion. They only notice confirming evidence like such because they are biased to believe that their conclusion is true and they somehow have to prove it to be so. Perhaps the only solution to such confirmation biases is actively pursuing contradictory evidence, and analyzing and acknowledging criticisms that seek to discredit their biased research and conclusions.

Mussolini and Italian Facism essays

Mussolini and Italian Facism essays Benito Mussolini leader of the Fascist government in Italy stated, If the XIXth century was the century of the individual (Liberalism implies individualism), we are free to believe that this is the collective century, and therefore the century of the state (Mussolini: 149 s statement is defensible on so many levels, but the claim cannot be made for the entire century, it was only the first half of the 20th century. In the first half of the twentieth century, governments were more focused on power of the their state, and not the well being of their individual citizens of that certain state. After the First World War, many countries tried Democracy as a form of government in an attempt to steer clear of a Second World War. But with the world economy in ruins during the Great Depression, countries shied away from democracy because they believed capitalism could not work. Other events such as Hitlers rise to power, the Spanish Civil War, and the Cold War are more reasons and event s that support Benito Mussolinis declaration that the 20th century was the collective century. With the culmination of the First World War, countries that were previously controlled by totalitarian regimes, turned away from that style of government. Countries such as Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, which were all previously ruled or dominated by Russia, turned to certain forms of democracy as their style of government. Also democracy was instituted in Austria and Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. These new states believed in their independence, and democracy looked like a desirable blueprint for success in part, due to the allied victory. These countries instituted constitutions developed according to liberal principles. However, political polarization and economic collapse soon endangered these governments. High inflation rates from wartime d...

International Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

International Human Resource Management - Essay Example The HRM policies therefore ran into several bottlenecks caused by these prevailing differences which resulted in a review of some of the policies. Since there was still a need to maintain some kind of general standard of HRM policies that applied across the board, the idea of International HRM came up. This need was further enhanced by the process of globalization which enabled organizations to do business all over the globe, including in places they could not dream of reaching before (Beardwell & Claydon 13). This paper explores the extent to which standardization of HRM policies has taken place across the globe. This will be done by examining the contribution of globalization to HRM policy standardization, the comparison of two different regions of the globe to gauge the extent of this globalization and a projection into the future of HRM practices. Globalization and Standardization of Human Resource Management The management of employees at all levels in a multinational company or conglomerate is referred to as strategic human resource management [SHRM] (K’Obonyo & Dimba 3). ... America is a liberal society that is fully focused on such things as human rights, open market policies, equal opportunities and gender equity among other things. The environment in Saudi Arabia is more religion oriented with a massive influence of Islam on day to day life. Issues such as equal opportunity and equity are just emerging but are not as important as the Islamic influence (K’Obonyo & Dimba 3). Consequently, successful human resource management policies in America may not work so successfully in Saudi Arabia. Emphasis on gender equity in the latter may raise more friction than it would in the former since certain roles are regarded as male roles that women cannot successfully handle. Attitudes are changing very slowly on the role of women as CEOs for example (Delery & Doty 802). SHRM therefore comes in to take into account such disparities in culture so as to enable effective and successful policy frameworks for human resources in diametrically different cultural en vironments. Policies are shaped according to the cultural environment rather that against them. In any case it is not the aim of businesses to change the prevailing political environment but to adapt as much as possible for the smooth running of the business and maximal output in terms of profitability (Delery & Doty 803). SHRM takes into account Cultural Value Dimensions. This term is used to refer to the empirical criteria used to determine the extent to which national cultures differ. There are four such dimensions: power distance paradigms, uncertainty avoidance mechanisms, individualism-collectivism factors and masculity-feminity issues (Hofstede 42). Power distance is the terminology for the extent to which the lower cadre

Behaviour therapy is an effective but not sufficient factor in CBT Essay

Behaviour therapy is an effective but not sufficient factor in CBT - Essay Example Some instances of such models can be cited as theories of normal and abnormal development, and theories of emotion and psychopathology. In fact Fenton (2007) gives out a very understandable description of the entire concept of CBT by breaking it into member components of cognitive and behavioural therapies as follows," Quite simply, cognitive-behavioral therapy or CBT is a combination of two kinds of therapy: cognitive and behavioral. In behavioral therapy, people learn how to change behavior. You may have already heard of the most common behavioral techniques used in the treatment of anxiety disorders: desensitization, relaxation and breathing exercises. Cognitive therapy focuses on thoughts, assumptions and beliefs. With cognitive therapy, people may learn to recognize and change faulty or maladaptive thinking patterns. Cognitive therapy is not about "positive thinking" in the sense that you must always think happy thoughts. It's a way to gain control over racing, repetitive though ts which often feed or trigger anxiety. The two therapies often are used together because they are beneficial to each other. For example, in the midst of extreme anxiety, it may feel impossible to gain control over your thoughts and apply cognitive therapy techniques. Therefore, a behavioral technique such as deep breathing may help you calm down and focus on your thinking". It is the latter argument of Fenton which is the focus of this paper. This paper essentially looks into exploring the argument that behaviour therapy is an effective approach with in the CBT but it is not the only and sufficient approach. The paper looks into the concepts of cognitive and behaviour therapies in depth and the possible and more effective applications of the CBT,when the two are combined. The paper also discusses some other approaches which are finding application under the umbrella of the CBT.Cognitive Concepts and Therapy The initial questions that arise in cognitive approach are conceptual. They relate to what are the various levels of cognition that is accorded importance in literature. In the 1960's, Aaron Beck, developed his approach called Cognitive Therapy. Beck's cognitive therapy was particularly found very useful in the effective treatment of depression and related symptoms. Beck and his associates reckon three identifiable levels of cognition that are pertinent as treatment milestones as cognitive approaches are applied to within the overall approach of f CBT.These three levels of cognition are : full consciousness, automatic thoughts, and schemas (Clark et al,1999). Within these three levels the highest level is consciousness and it is defined to include the mental state in which rational decisions are made with full awareness of the decision maker. Decision maker is rationally opting to choose the way he finally did and he has rational arguments to justify his acts.

Sicko by Michael Moore Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sicko by Michael Moore - Essay Example Its runtime is 113 minutes and its language is English. The documentary is an interesting one since it comes from the directorial stint of Michael Moore who is a name unmatched globally. He has been known to producer similar movies and documentaries in the past, which have taken a gibe at the American President George W. Bush in more ways than one. At the same time, the movie turns out to be pretty entertaining as well and hence makes all the more reason for an ordinary person to watch it to know better about the prevalent healthcare regimes within United States. (Fengkov, 2007) The movie presents different facts related with this industry, which might at times look a bit biased more than anything else. The movie has a typical Michael Moore style and aims to project the different shortcomings which are present within the very system nonetheless. It contains a lot of sarcastic remarks as well as wit which suggests that he has directed his guns towards the said system as well as the American President who is running the show within the lengths and breadths of the American nation. Some people have suggested that Sicko has just touched the surface level of the problems which have haunted the very system within the country. Others are of the view that Moore should have gone much deeper than where he already has. Sicko has aimed to take a strong stance on the American drug companies and the like. Some critics suggest that he has made use of people who are in distress and portrayed them in a manner which makes them look real bad. In other words, Moore has used people with their ailments and distressing situations which are ethically wrong at the end of the day. This kind of criticism is being raised left, right and center since freedom of expression does come part and parcel with such movies and Moore must take the same in his stride in a head on manner all said and done. Sicko took two years to get completed and

Exam paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Exam paper - Essay Example Such strategies in planning set considerable challenges to other organizations. The university has a great base of sustainable development as it has being recognized by Institutions such as carbon masters standard. It has therefore demonstrated a great baseline for sustainability. As a university it has much to accomplish to ensure persistent sustainability and improvement of the environment. The university has to first be aware of its strengths and weaknesses in pursuit of sustainable development (Baker 2006). There must be engagement of community and government to enable the vision of sustainability a reality. Ample research and drafting of a plan should be done before the onset of activities in sustainability management. Many factors shall have to be considered by the university to ensure maximum realization of sustainable development. Despite sustainability undertakings known to be costly to organizations, the ethical work enables the organizations take part in social corporate responsibility. In current trends sustainability continuum is a critical trend to all organizations. The claimers in clued the shareholders, employees, and governments; each of them has satisfiable reasons for expecting and oftenly demanding that the firm satisfies their claims in a responsible manner. An organization that adversely affects the environment in such terms of air pollution and discharge of wastes, have a great task in terms of sustainability. Such institutions have much to do in their mission to counter their effects to the environment. This means a more budget allocation in sustainability measures. High technologies and qualified expertise should be employed to activities such as recycling of waste, renewing of energy, and carbon particles trapping. Without such measures such organizations will be at risk to lose their responsibility to the society and may lead to the eventual closure. With these demanding trends

New Energy Drink Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

New Energy Drink - Assignment Example g will be used to determine what should be the breakeven point in units as well as in sales so that the business can attain minimum revenue of zero profit. Using the information related to production and distribution, certain estimations will be done. This will require the use of cash budget, forecasted income statement and forecasted balance sheet will be developed. A plan is also framed to develop a consortium of small number of investors interested in developing a new energy drink, wherein a discussion related to financial issues will be carried out. Hence after conducting the required financial analysis, a properly planned ‘pitch’ of the project will be developed. It will aim to convey the required information to the potential investors in a systematic manner and convince them for investing. The intended drink is set to combine the best of a health and a soft drink. Not only will it have the replenishing quality of a soft drink but will also address the energy requirements of its consumers. This energy drink will be available in a ready-to-drink form. This drink is named ‘My Drink’ in an attempt to bring every section of the population under its fold. To keep the product eco-friendly, it will be available in tetra packs made up of bio-degradable material. Initially only 250ml tetra packs will be launched in the market but later on sizes varying from 400ml, 1000ml and 1500ml will be launched according to the demand. Though the product will now be introduced in a single continental flavour, in future the company might introduce certain flavours like orange, lemon, vanilla, strawberry, chocolate, mix fruit and so on. The company has decided to take the help of a distributing firm until it has gained pertinent knowledge about the market operations. This is because investing in developing personal distribution, in the initial days, is not only risky but also results in high investment cost. It has also been decided to hire a distributer who will take the

Network Risk Assestment and recommended actions Research Paper

Network Risk Assestment and recommended actions - Research Paper Example Application attacks are gaining popularity. Networked based fire walls will not be able to effectively keep the system secure from this kind of attack. Though some firewalls in networks have application firewall capabilities, most are considered to be underpowered by experts, providing less protection than the available firewalls that are single purpose. Actually, network firewalls have no capacity what so ever to protect against custom web applications (Eschenauer and Gligor, 1). This nature of a network security infrastructure leaves the organizations web resources at risk with dire consequences on the organization Quantitative risk analysis regarding the network architecture Asses Value Asset Value Cost of maintenances Profits to the company Worth in competition Recovering cost Acquisition cost Firewalls 4,000 100 per month 10,000 per month 2,000 1,000 5,000 Web server 5,000 100 per month 10,000 per month 2,000 1,000 7,000 Database Server 5,000 100 per month 10,000 per month 2,000 1,000 7,000 Table: 1 Estimate of potential Loss per Threat The table below shows the estimate potential loss per threat Asset Cost of physical damage Cost of loss in productivity Cost if information is disclosed Cost if critical devices fail Firewalls 4,000 10,000 120,000 10,000 Web server 5,000 15,000 1,000 15,000 Database Server 5,000 30,000 200,000 10,000 Table: 2 Application attacks can also be used to gain access into various departments in an organization, For instance gaining access into a database administrator, financial controller, or system administrator can provide an attacker access to information to these departments which may be having information that may contain passwords for credit card numbers which can be used to steal identity, or have dire financial implications to an organization or a company. Risk factor two Another issue is that the basic implementation has its default use of well-known UDP and TCP and ports for communication. Unfortunately for this organiz ation’s Web applications are packaged-solutions, hence the organization is unable to makes change to the prescribed ports. Therefore, systems in the demilitarized zones (DMZ) will be compromised; it is easy for the attacker to compromise the systems because of the default TCP/UDP portals. In addition, systems in the demilitarized zones experience little to no monitoring or security-controls. Only one server that will be compromised before an intruder to access the Web applications Because of these shortfalls, the basic architectural technique no longer gives the kind or level of security currently being required by online cash transfer companies like VISA Cardholder-Information-Security- Program (CISP) and Payment-Card-Industry (PCI) security standards, Federal-Information-System-Management-Act (FISMA), GLBA, SOX and more other regulatory and industry-security standards engaged in this compliance effort. Risk Factor 3 Physical factors like act of nature, earth quakes, floods and fires often cause irreversible damage on networking hardware. Some of these calamities are unpredictable, and can cause extensive damage in an organization’s network system with great loses, damaged equipments can result to loss of sensitive data and information, negatively affecting productivity with end effect being heavy losses on an organization. Another physical factor that poses security threats to the network system is unauthorized access to where the various devices and

Exam paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Exam paper - Essay Example Such strategies in planning set considerable challenges to other organizations. The university has a great base of sustainable development as it has being recognized by Institutions such as carbon masters standard. It has therefore demonstrated a great baseline for sustainability. As a university it has much to accomplish to ensure persistent sustainability and improvement of the environment. The university has to first be aware of its strengths and weaknesses in pursuit of sustainable development (Baker 2006). There must be engagement of community and government to enable the vision of sustainability a reality. Ample research and drafting of a plan should be done before the onset of activities in sustainability management. Many factors shall have to be considered by the university to ensure maximum realization of sustainable development. Despite sustainability undertakings known to be costly to organizations, the ethical work enables the organizations take part in social corporate responsibility. In current trends sustainability continuum is a critical trend to all organizations. The claimers in clued the shareholders, employees, and governments; each of them has satisfiable reasons for expecting and oftenly demanding that the firm satisfies their claims in a responsible manner. An organization that adversely affects the environment in such terms of air pollution and discharge of wastes, have a great task in terms of sustainability. Such institutions have much to do in their mission to counter their effects to the environment. This means a more budget allocation in sustainability measures. High technologies and qualified expertise should be employed to activities such as recycling of waste, renewing of energy, and carbon particles trapping. Without such measures such organizations will be at risk to lose their responsibility to the society and may lead to the eventual closure. With these demanding trends

Network Risk Assestment and recommended actions Research Paper

Network Risk Assestment and recommended actions - Research Paper Example Application attacks are gaining popularity. Networked based fire walls will not be able to effectively keep the system secure from this kind of attack. Though some firewalls in networks have application firewall capabilities, most are considered to be underpowered by experts, providing less protection than the available firewalls that are single purpose. Actually, network firewalls have no capacity what so ever to protect against custom web applications (Eschenauer and Gligor, 1). This nature of a network security infrastructure leaves the organizations web resources at risk with dire consequences on the organization Quantitative risk analysis regarding the network architecture Asses Value Asset Value Cost of maintenances Profits to the company Worth in competition Recovering cost Acquisition cost Firewalls 4,000 100 per month 10,000 per month 2,000 1,000 5,000 Web server 5,000 100 per month 10,000 per month 2,000 1,000 7,000 Database Server 5,000 100 per month 10,000 per month 2,000 1,000 7,000 Table: 1 Estimate of potential Loss per Threat The table below shows the estimate potential loss per threat Asset Cost of physical damage Cost of loss in productivity Cost if information is disclosed Cost if critical devices fail Firewalls 4,000 10,000 120,000 10,000 Web server 5,000 15,000 1,000 15,000 Database Server 5,000 30,000 200,000 10,000 Table: 2 Application attacks can also be used to gain access into various departments in an organization, For instance gaining access into a database administrator, financial controller, or system administrator can provide an attacker access to information to these departments which may be having information that may contain passwords for credit card numbers which can be used to steal identity, or have dire financial implications to an organization or a company. Risk factor two Another issue is that the basic implementation has its default use of well-known UDP and TCP and ports for communication. Unfortunately for this organiz ation’s Web applications are packaged-solutions, hence the organization is unable to makes change to the prescribed ports. Therefore, systems in the demilitarized zones (DMZ) will be compromised; it is easy for the attacker to compromise the systems because of the default TCP/UDP portals. In addition, systems in the demilitarized zones experience little to no monitoring or security-controls. Only one server that will be compromised before an intruder to access the Web applications Because of these shortfalls, the basic architectural technique no longer gives the kind or level of security currently being required by online cash transfer companies like VISA Cardholder-Information-Security- Program (CISP) and Payment-Card-Industry (PCI) security standards, Federal-Information-System-Management-Act (FISMA), GLBA, SOX and more other regulatory and industry-security standards engaged in this compliance effort. Risk Factor 3 Physical factors like act of nature, earth quakes, floods and fires often cause irreversible damage on networking hardware. Some of these calamities are unpredictable, and can cause extensive damage in an organization’s network system with great loses, damaged equipments can result to loss of sensitive data and information, negatively affecting productivity with end effect being heavy losses on an organization. Another physical factor that poses security threats to the network system is unauthorized access to where the various devices and

Importance of Community Development in the Middle East Important to the U.S. Essay Example for Free

Importance of Community Development in the Middle East Important to the U.S. Essay The Middle East is the region which extends from southwestern Asia to northeastern Africa, though its boundaries are not very specific. It is the historic origin of some major religions that we have today. These include Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Yezidi, Bahai faith among others. The Middle East came to be recognized as a single region after the First World War, during which the Ottoman Empire was divided into countries that currently comprise the Middle East. In 1948, Israel was established and joined the group of countries that make up the Middle East. The countries that are in the Middle East include Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Yemen, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates among others (Eur, 2002). The Middle East is however a region that has always been a centre of world affairs both on a positive and a negative note. There have been various ups and downs in the history of the Middle East; some of which recur to date. Some of these events have brought about an international outcry and eventually caused the calling forth of immediate reforms in some of the countries that comprise the Middle East. Some of the reforms brought to the attention of these countries are issues pertaining community development, which is vital for the growth of these countries. Community development in this region is aimed at mitigating the wrangles and wars that have been there in this region and make its occupants concentrate on issues that would be beneficial to their lives. Community development is the enhancement or the nurturing of some specific values within the society that bring about some positive change in the way that people in this particular society live and co-ordinate their lives. Community development is very important in any community because any improvement within any given society and mainly comes about as a result of cooperation between the members of these societies. It is through community development that acquirement, exploitation, and equal distribution of resources is accomplished. It is what enables a society to go forward and have all the amenities that are necessary for life (Bayat, 2002). The international community has been on the forefront advocating for community development in the region. This would see to it that the region develops economically and that its ties with other nations improve. The countries located in the Middle East dominate the world’s list of major oil producers. Most of the economies of these countries are highly driven by oil. The world’s economy is to some extent controlled by the prices of oil and this means that the Middle East bears a hand in whichever way that the oil prices sway. A reduction in oil production or an increment in the prices of oil per barrel would be a major blow to the economies of the world especially those of countries that do not produce oil or do not produce oil that can support their enormous populations. As a result of this, many of the world’s powers have always tried to have an edge over the countries in the Middle East in order to curb this (Wright, 1999). The United States of America is one of the countries that has always wanted there to be some stability and community development in the Middle East though most of these nations are opposed to its views. Many are even reluctant to cooperate because the United States is not mainly an Islamic state. The Middle East has always been marred by some wars and other cold wars. The United States itself was behind the 2003 Iraq invasion that saw to the total overhaul of the Iraqi government. Many local and international communities have always pointed fingers at the United States for such a miscalculation and therefore rapid community development in this region would help quench the guilt that the United States feels for doing this. Little else can be done other than trigger community development that would see Iraq have its economic prosperity back. This way, the United States can restore its sanctity too. The United States of America’s administration has therefore embarked on a plan to bring forth community development in Iraq. This is done through the providence of funds to kick off this process. Terrorism has been one of the menaces that have posed one of the greatest risks to the United States of America and its citizens. The United States government has been doing all within its means in order to eradicate terrorism and bring to book those involved. Terrorism has long been perceived as being endorsed and triggered by some Islamic extremists believed to be trained in some secret places within the Middle East. Therefore, if the United States figures that if it is able to bring forth some community development in the Middle East, they can be able to control or eventually eradicate terrorism. Some of the most wanted terrorists are believed to be harbored in the Middle East and some are even believed to be under the protection of some Middle East governments. The United States has even offered to train the Afghanistan police and military in order to control the levels of terrorism and fight drug cartels. Afghanistan is believed to be one of the world’s top producers of cocaine. The advent of nuclear weapons poses a major threat to the world’s population if these weapons are not handled with care. Countries ought to obtain approval from the United Nations before they embark on developing nuclear weapons and war-heads or any similar venture, failure to which some severe measures can be taken. Iran has some nuclear power stations which are operational though the United States and other powerful countries believe that Iran is developing nuclear weapons. The United States has taken a firm stand against this and has sought some diplomatic positions with regard to this issue. Significant community development across the Middle East would see to it that such problems are dealt with easily which would actually be an advantage to the United States on its take on global peace. The Israeli-Palestinian war has been raging for several decades. Israel is located amidst countries which are its sworn enemies. Many of the contentious issues between Israel and its neighbors have eventually resulted in wars that have left many dead and injured. The United States is Israel’s sworn ally and therefore a blow to Israel means a major blow to the United States though indirectly. As a result of this, the United States has always acted in the favor of Israel. The idea of community development would eventually lead to unity in the region and thus remove the burden of sporadic wars from Israel and promote economic growth in the region. There are various leftist terrorist groups that have been formed in opposition of Israel. These include Hamas and Hezbollah and the return of peace to the region would see to it that these groups cease to exist as they are a threat to peace in the region. This would further improve the United States’ war against terrorism (Thomas, 1998). Finally, the United States of America envisions economic allies from the Middle East, which hosts some of the fastest growing economies in the world. An alliance between the United States and the Middle East would see to the growth of the economic interests of both parties. Economic enhancement means more power and this is exactly this would translate to the United States. Economic empowerment is of paramount importance especially in this period when the world is experiencing a financial recession. Economic empowerment would therefore be a major boost to the United States and any other interested parties. The Middle East is one of the regions that the business interests of Americans are not appreciated and therefore mending this would change the equation. Countries such as the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Jordan have incorporated tourism into their economies and this is bound to improve their relationship with other countries. Egypt has been one of the key factors that have made peace-brokerage possible in the Middle East. Egypt is an Islamic state that is not hard lined towards general hatred towards the west. This gives it an edge towards dealing with the Middle East crises and dangerous wars. It is through Egypt that some international communities have voiced their concerns. It is through Egypt that some wars have been stopped through cease-fires; such as the recent Israeli-Palestinian war that was showcased along the Gaza strip. Egypt itself is strategically placed and is allied to many of the nations in the Middle East. They are therefore bound to listen to Egypt when it comes to negotiating a particular situation. As a result of this, many of the western countries ally themselves to Egypt in a bid to broker peace in the Middle East. Egypt therefore plays a very vital role when it comes to dealing with the nations of the Middle East because of its neutrality and similarity to these nations despite being an Islamic state. It is a peaceful sovereign state that is deemed reliable by many western countries when it comes to dealing with the Middle East. As a result, community development is vital as a solution to the problems that currently affect the Middle East nations. The Middle East is in a quagmire of woes at the moment and a solution that would bring about peace and stability in the region would all the same transform this region into an economic powerhouse which would be a big boost to the global financial market altogether. Community development, to say the least, is one of the keys to peace and stability in this region. References: Bayat, A. , (2002), Activism And Social Development In The Middle East, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Issue 34:1:1-28, Cambridge University Press, Retrieved on 29th April 30, 2009 from: http://journals. cambridge. org/action/displayAbstract? fromPage=onlineaid=105825 Eur, (2002), The Middle East and North Africa 2003, Europa Publications Staff, ISBN 1857431324, 9781857431322, Published by Routledge, Wright J. W. , (1999), The Political Economy of Middle East Peace: The Impact of Competing Trade Agendas, ISBN 0415183952, 9780415183956, Published by Routledge Thomas R. M. , (1998), Conducting educational research: a comparative view, ISBN 0897896092, 9780897896092, Published by Greenwood Publishing Group